Our topic delves into the intricate aspects of column design:

– **Column and Structure**: Understanding the pivotal role columns play in structural integrity.

– **Short and Long Columns**: Differentiating behavior based on slenderness ratios.

– **Effective Length Calculation**: Methods to determine considering end conditions and lateral restraints.

– **IS Code Provision**: Adhering to Indian Standard (IS) codes for precise design parameters.

– **Design of Columns**: Mastering principles for load-bearing and moment resistance.

– **LSM and WSM Method**: Employing Limit State and Working Stress methods for optimal design solutions. These concepts equip engineers with the tools to create robust and reliable structural frameworks.