Structure of Solids for B.Sc and M.Sc Handwritten notes

Structure of solids:

Introduction, brief review of classification of solids (true, pseudo, crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous solids). Properties of solids – conductors, insulators and semiconductors (n-type and p-type extrinsic semiconductors), superconductivity and super conducting materials, Magnetic properties – paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic substances, dielectric properties, ionic crystals, metallic crystals, atomic and covalent crystals, molecular crystals. Isomorphism and Mitscherlich’s law of isomorphism, allotropy, structure and type of ionic crystals – AB type (NaCl, ZnS, CsCl), AB2 type (CaF2, TiO2, CaC2, FeS2), A2B type (Na2O). Lattice energy, Born-Lande equation, salvation process and salvation energy, hydration process and hydration energy, hydration process and hydration energy, stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric crystals, defects in crystals, atomic and point defects, Schottky and Frenkel defects, non-stoichiometric defects, normal spinal structure, inverse spinel structure.