Here is a concise outline of the key topics covered in the chapter “Plant Growth and Development” for Class 11 Biology, tailored for NEET preparation:
Introduction to Plant Growth
Definition and phases of growth (cell division, cell enlargement, cell differentiation)
Conditions for growth (water, nutrients, light, temperature, oxygen)
Growth Curves
Sigmoid growth curve (lag phase, log phase, stationary phase)
Quantitative comparisons of growth (absolute growth rate, relative growth rate)
Measurement of Growth
Techniques to measure growth (increase in cell number, cell size, fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume)
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
Types of PGRs and their functions:
Auxins: Discovery, functions, synthetic auxins
Gibberellins: Discovery, functions
Cytokinins: Discovery, functions
Ethylene: Discovery, functions
Abscisic Acid (ABA): Discovery, functions
Photoperiodism
Definition and types (short-day plants, long-day plants, day-neutral plants)
Role of phytochrome in photoperiodism
Vernalization
Definition and significance
Mechanism and examples
Seed Dormancy
Causes of seed dormancy
Methods to break dormancy
Senescence and Abscission
Definition and significance
Factors affecting senescence and abscission
Development
Definition and distinction between growth and development
Differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation
Plasticity in plant development
Physiology of Flowering
Role of light and temperature in flowering
Molecular basis of flowering (Florigen theory)
These topics cover the essential aspects of plant growth and development, crucial for understanding how plants grow and respond to their environment, and preparing for Neet
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