Dual Nature of radiation and matter Class 12 | Physics handwritten notes PDF

• Free electrons in metals (Work function, electron volt, electron emission, photoelectric effect)

• Hertz’s observation

• Hallwachs and Lenard’s observation

• Threshold frequency

• Cut-off or stopping potential

• Experimental study of photoelectric effect

• Einstein’s photoelectric effect

• Determination of Planck’s constant and work function

• Relation between stopping potential and threshold frequency

• Graph between frequency and photoelectric current

• Particles nature of light: The photon

• Important Questions

• Matter wave (de broglie wavelength)

• Important Questions

• Relation between de broglie wavelength and Temperature