Here is a concise outline of the key topics covered in the chapter “Plant Growth and Development” for Class 11 Biology, tailored for NEET preparation:

 

Introduction to Plant Growth

 

Definition and phases of growth (cell division, cell enlargement, cell differentiation)

Conditions for growth (water, nutrients, light, temperature, oxygen)

Growth Curves

 

Sigmoid growth curve (lag phase, log phase, stationary phase)

Quantitative comparisons of growth (absolute growth rate, relative growth rate)

Measurement of Growth

 

Techniques to measure growth (increase in cell number, cell size, fresh weight, dry weight, length, area, volume)

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

 

Types of PGRs and their functions:

Auxins: Discovery, functions, synthetic auxins

Gibberellins: Discovery, functions

Cytokinins: Discovery, functions

Ethylene: Discovery, functions

Abscisic Acid (ABA): Discovery, functions

Photoperiodism

 

Definition and types (short-day plants, long-day plants, day-neutral plants)

Role of phytochrome in photoperiodism

Vernalization

 

Definition and significance

Mechanism and examples

Seed Dormancy

 

Causes of seed dormancy

Methods to break dormancy

Senescence and Abscission

 

Definition and significance

Factors affecting senescence and abscission

Development

 

Definition and distinction between growth and development

Differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation

Plasticity in plant development

Physiology of Flowering

 

Role of light and temperature in flowering

Molecular basis of flowering (Florigen theory)

These topics cover the essential aspects of plant growth and development, crucial for understanding how plants grow and respond to their environment, and preparing for Neet